how visual information was processed from the eye and then by the brain?

- The Nobel-winning physiologists David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel and the depiction of their classical experiment revealing the structure of the visual cortex视皮层. Portraits: Ihor Gorsky.
- 系列工作, they spent about 20 years
- 首篇:Receptive fields of single neurons in the cat's striate cortex’ (Hubel & Wiesel, The Journal of Physiolgy生理学 1959)
— from https://medium.com/@lmpo/the-evolution-of-convolutional-neural-networks-from-lenet-to-convnext-0b1c37ccb52f
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The video:https://www.ibiology.org/neuroscience/exploring-visual-brain/
- 方法:
- 在视觉皮层插入电极
- 给动物看不同的视觉刺激(光点、线条、边缘等)
- 记录神经元放电
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三部分,12.25

- squares on the screen ⇒ retinal ganglion cells 视网膜神经节细胞 ⇒ 中继核团(Relay Nucleus)⇒ visual cortex V1
- 感受野 (Receptive Field) of a single cell: a single square
- keep in mind that a given cell can only see one of the squares what we call the light-sensitive area or the receptive field of a cell
- 每个神经元只“看”一小块区域, 视觉是局部到全局逐层构建的,即一个层级模型(hierarchical model)
- even if there are a million fibers coming in from the eye to the relay nucleus and then there are hundreds of millions of cells in the primary visual cortex, you can still, by looking at one cell at a time to learn a great deal about how the system works.
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Kuffler(视网膜神经节细胞(RGC),更早)
- 中心-周围拮抗 (center–surround antagonism): like small spots, but not big spots
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Hubel & Wiesel(LGN in Relay Nucleus)
- 和RGC一样
- 中心-周围拮抗(center–surround antagonism)
- 12:38 说明Receptive Field的对称性 in LGN
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Hubel & Wiesel(V1)
- do not like small spots
- orientation selectivity
- 检测:边缘方向
视觉系统成像通路

- LGN & 中继核团(Relay Nucleus)
- 视觉皮层(Visual Cortex)的分区
初级视皮层(V1)
Hubel & Wiesel, 1960s — 通过这个实验,他们演示了
- 几种类型的神经元只有在某些刺激下是如何被激活的,
- 另一个有趣的特征是细胞似乎自然地映射到不同角度,
- 如下图所示,V1的每一部分都包含一组非常特殊的神经元,这些神经元通常对特定角度的光条作出反应。
- 这些细胞的反应以某种方式结合起来,理论上能够创建一个自下向上的自然世界形象,也就是说,通过接收许多神经元对各种光条的反应,人类大脑开始绘制出周围的图景。